It’s hard to believe I’ve been doing this whole home inspection thing for over four years now. Since March 2021, I’ve written more blog posts (and visited more homes around Halifax and central Nova Scotia) than I can count—covering everything from home inspection and maintenance to the occasional personal reflection. If you were curious (or bored enough) to look for the most common words I use, there’s one you’d barely see on my site: “expert.” And that’s intentional. Why I’m Not an “Expert”
Do I have enough education and experience to be confident in what I do? Absolutely! But home inspectors are generalists, not specialists. And there’s nothing wrong with admitting that. Yes, I know more about electrical systems, plumbing, roofing, and HVAC than the average homeowner—but I’m not, and never will be, a licensed electrician, plumber, roofer, or HVAC technician. I also won’t match the deep, specialized skill of someone who does just one of those trades every day. Nobody Can be Everything Think about it: it's impossible for anyone to be a master electrician, licensed plumber, experienced roofer, HVAC technician, and structural engineer all rolled into one, at least not at a price anyone would be willing (or able) to pay. Some people suggest hiring 5 different specialists to each do a detailed inspection. Beyond the cost, it would be a logistical nightmare (with my career background in logistics I would know!) If anyone has successfully scheduled five or more trade specialists (six in rural properties when you consider septic systems) to show up on the same day and time, I'd love to hear about it as I've never seen it happen. Setting Realistic Expectations One common theme I've noticed when reading complaints about home inspectors online is that expectations often weren't set clearly from the start. Here's the truth even if it's not popular to say: we can't make guarantees. Yes, every inspector, including me, will miss something. Not something obvious like an active leak, exposed wiring or missing shingles, but things like squeaky hinges, missing cabinet screws or slight imbalances in air or electrical loads. Referrals to Specialists are a Good Thing (Usually) When a home inspector recommends you consult a licensed contractor, engineer, or other specialist, it's not an excuse but rather a sign of being thorough and responsible. I'd rather see a home inspector who freely admits when something is beyond the scope of a general inspection than one who pretends to know everything. That said, it's also one of my pet peeves when reports simply say "consult an electrician, consult a plumber" over and over without explaining why. Clients deserve to know what triggered that recommendation as well as a starting off point when contacting a specialist. Even though inspectors aren't experts in every field, our training and experience help us spot issues most clients (and often even seasoned homeowners) would miss. At the end of the day, our role isn't to be the ultimate authority on every system: it's to equip clients with the knowledge and tools to make informed, confident decisions about their homes.
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There are three basic types of heat for homes here in Nova Scotia: hydronic (hot water) baseboards, forced air furnaces, and electric baseboards. They are generally of equal popularity, and according to my latest inspection stats a total of 27% of homes I have personally inspected use electric baseboards as a primary heat source.
Not all baseboards should use programmable thermostats. One example is our half bathroom. Given its location in the home it rarely gets cold and there is no need to have the heater operating. There is no point in spending the extra money for a programmable thermostat when it is rarely turned on. Electrically powered heaters are almost always baseboard heaters, which use convection to take cold air from the floor to heat it using electrical resistance, which causes it to naturally rise without fans or blowers. While very simple, there is still a fair bit of building science in properly placing them. For example, you might notice that they are almost always under windows: this is not a coincidence and helps to create positive pressure (or if you prefer a thermal break) that keeps cold air outside where it belongs in winter. Electric heat needs no fuel tanks, is (almost) always available, is cheap to install and is long lasting. Unlike a furnace or boiler, electric heater either works or doesn't and is very easy to inspect. The downside is that while it is 100% efficient, this is very misleading as it is by far the most expensive way to heat a home unless Nova Scotia Power decides to drastically drop power rates!
There has been a lot of construction in the Halifax area over the past few years, with many new homes and apartment buildings opening for occupancy this year. With that hopefully comes long overdue opportunities for first time homebuyers in the market. Like any first-time buyer, when we bought our first home it become apparent that the wish list was just that, and many tough decisions had to be made to secure the home we were looking for. Unicorns Don’t Exist Despite the fact it is the national animal of Scotland, Unicorns are not real. So is the idea that you will find the perfect home. Let me dispel that myth right now: I have inspected homes of all types, and every single one is them has one thing in common: they aren’t perfect! I recently had a client who was buying an older home which could best be described as a fixer upper: as a home inspector I rightfully pointed out that while the home may not be aesthetically pleasing, the four major systems (roof, electrical, plumbing, HVAC) were all in great condition and have been well maintained. These homes are often passed over when with a little TLC they can make a great new home! Remember to Use Facts, Not Emotion I tend to be a bit animated when doing inspections, mainly because I love what I do. There is a surprising amount of subjectivity in a good inspection, which is why I am not worried about an AI takeover anytime soon. Ultimately, however, I am interested in hard facts as much as possible. I always look for Electrical: Is it grounded? Is the panel properly installed and labelled? Plumbing: Is the area known for lead pipe? Does the home use modern materials? Roof: What type of material? Are there any missing shingles or pieces? Any signs of leaks? HVAC: What type of heating or cooling system? How old is the unit? Is there evidence of proper maintenance? One of the biggest challenges as a home inspector is to balance between using past experiences and knowledge to draw from, and understanding that every home is unique. One of the best-looking roofs I ever inspected had an active leak and the worst…. did not. Same with sewer inspections: the best looking sewer line I checked was 50 years old while a 1 year old line had a partial blockage! While it can be a challenge, it is important to evaluate facts and know what your bottom line is. Don’t Underestimate Maintenance Costs
One important quality of a good home inspector is to maintain impartiality and avoid real and perceived conflicts of interest. In addition to insurance, property taxes and other fixed costs, one of the "joys" of home ownership is having to deal with system breakdowns. Plumbing leaks? HVAC not heating? Lights flickering? That’s now your responsibility and usually nobody teaches you how to do those things. My passion is helping home occupants from all walks of life live in a safe and healthy home but I especially like helping new homeowners. It motivated me in my first job as a fresh faced 16 year old and it motivates me to provide the best inspection services possible. While I did not start our home inspection company until 2021 (I wish I would have started years earlier but that’s another blog post!) my interest in homes goes all the way back to my childhood. I used to love helping my father do construction projects and got my first job at a home improvement retailer whose name rhymes with Rent. During the almost 7 years I worked at that company, I got to learn a lot about all aspects of home construction. I was lucky to have worked in almost every aisle in the store at one time or another and even spent plenty of time on home construction sites in the early 2000s (I was inside many of the homes under construction on Portland Hills Drive and Lakeshore Park Terrace in Dartmouth, for example) and got to see homes at various stages of construction but I digress. I have always loved hearing stories from long time homeowners and contractors and relished the opportunity to expand my knowledge. One thing I heard repeatedly was that, without fail, those who were working on or just completed home renovation projects commented on how they were always more expensive and time consuming than they could have ever dreamed. I heard more than one story of a DIYer getting in way over their heads and having to restart a project from scratch at great expense. Since that time, I can only imagine it has gotten exponentially worse, particularly with the explosion of home renovation shows that make renovations look like a snap! Spoiler Alert: they aren't! Tearing Out Walls – Not Just a Simple Sledgehammer
I tend to bemoan that nearly every show seems to want an “open concept” home, where many interior walls are removed. The show makes it look so easy: a few swings of a sledgehammer, a few minutes of cleanup and voila! In reality:
I am certainly not saying to never ever remove walls: in many cases this may be the best choice. However, don’t think for a second it’s a simple 1-hour job! Don’t Forget the Law It is not required to upgrade your home to modern building codes, however, if you choose to do major renovations any new work completed must meet the latest building codes. In Halifax you can refer to the M-200 bylaw, however, every town and municipality is different so check with local authorities. Plumbing, Electrical and HVAC There is a reason these professions are so expensive to hire and becoming a plumber, electrician or HVAC technician requires extensive field and classroom training: the systems involved are complex, and one mistake can be very costly. While I have done basic plumbing repairs, I always leave the big jobs for the professionals. One small error can lead to major water damage. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning) systems require careful balancing that even skilled contractors can struggle to get right. Most homes are designed with zones and tearing down walls can cause an HVAC system to become unbalanced and inefficient. As for electrical, I consider my knowledge of electrical systems to be my strongest area as a home inspector, but I am not in any way an electrician! I know how to identify most hazards and educate home occupants, but I also know that electrical loads must be carefully balanced in a home between the two 120V service wires and would never attempt to modify the electrical system! As a homeowner, I have increased my skills in doing repairs myself (I recently did successful renovations to the front porch) but I always stop and consider if a project is beyond my skill level. Saving money sounds great until a mistake costs far more than just calling in a professional the first time. Congratulations on taking the step to becoming a homeowner! I know both as a home inspector and a homeowner (well, technically the bank still owns it, but you get the idea), owning a home is a wonderful milestone, especially in this crazy market! It also comes with its fair share of responsibilities and potential headaches that all the shiny real estate brochures tend to gloss over. As a seasoned home inspector, I've seen it all – from minor issues that could have been easily prevented to major problems that could have been costly to fix (think six figures!). To help you navigate your new role as a homeowner, here are four essential insights that I wish every new homeowner knew: Regular Maintenance Saves Money in the Long Run Many homeowners underestimate the importance of regular maintenance. Simple tasks like cleaning gutters, changing HVAC filters (furnace filters need to be replaced every 3 months), and inspecting caulking around windows and doors may seem insignificant, but they can prevent costly repairs down the line. While easier said than done, try to create a maintenance schedule and stick to it to keep your home in top condition. With the snow gone and warm weather on the way, now is the perfect time to plan out a summer maintenance schedule like I just did, and hopefully the rain will stop so I can continue to get more done. Know Your Home's Systems Understanding how your home's systems work can save you from headaches in the future. Take the time to familiarize yourself with the location of:
Know when and how to perform basic troubleshooting, and always have emergency contact information for professionals in case of major issues (trust me: emergencies never wait for your schedule to clear!). (Over) Budget for Repairs and Upgrades
Owning a home inevitably comes with repair and maintenance costs. Create a budget for both expected and unexpected expenses, including repairs and upgrades. Prioritize projects based on urgency and budget constraints and remember to set aside funds for emergencies. Being financially prepared can alleviate stress when unexpected issues arise. Spoiler from a homeowner and home inspector: repairs and renovations almost always cost a lot more than you budget for and the cheap option usually ends up being the costliest. Stay Proactive Don't wait until a minor issue becomes a major problem. Stay proactive by addressing maintenance tasks promptly and addressing any issues as soon as they arise. Ignoring small problems can lead to bigger headaches and expenses down the line. Whether it's a leaky faucet or a cracked foundation, tackle issues head-on to preserve the integrity of your home. I learned this one at an early age working at a home improvement retailer and saw the many faces of distressed homeowners who did not act proactively or tried to cut corners with cheap DIY "fixes". Being a homeowner comes with its challenges, but with proper knowledge and preparation, you can navigate the responsibilities with confidence. By staying proactive, investing in inspections (*ahem* particularly from a Certified Professional Inspector like me!), understanding your home's systems, and budgeting for maintenance and repairs, you can ensure that your home remains a safe and comfortable haven for years to come with minimal surprises. Happy homeownership! Five Golden Rings of Electrical Safety Electrical is probably the most important part of an inspection: while there is no doubt there is an issue when there is a waterfall in the kitchen or a large horizontal crack in the foundation, electrical issues can be difficult to detect by the untrained eye. Here are five that I always look for: Single strand aluminum branch circuits: Not all aluminum wiring is problematic; it's commonly used for electrical conduction due to its cost-effectiveness and lightweight nature. I also look for Knob & Tube (K&T) although it has largely been removed and replaced over the years. Inspection of Electrical Receptacles: Checking a representative sample for missing grounds, reverse polarity, and signs of arcing, such as burn marks. Reporting on the status of Ground Fault (GFCI) and Arc Fault (AFCI) Circuit interrupters: Building and Electrical Codes evolve; retroactive changes are rare. In spite of this, I always suggest updating electrical systems to the latest standards. Assessing DIY Modifications: Any signs of makeshift "improvements," like the use of extension cords for permanent power supply, are noted. System Overview: Assessing the entire system for adequate amperage, checking for undersized wires (oversizing is acceptable but wasteful), and ensuring no reasons exist for the power utility and insurance company to refuse service to the home. Six Geese-a-Laying Insulation Tips In older homes, insulation sometimes becomes an issue due to DIY attempts. While modern homes adhere to updated building codes, some retrofits fall short. For instance, in one inspection of an older brick house, the added insulation was carelessly installed, defeating its purpose. Remember, proper insulation traps air in pockets; compressing it renders it ineffective. Wet fiberglass insulation? Only fit for the trash. More insulation is beneficial, but not when compressed to squeeze more in. Seven Swans-a-Swimming in Plumbing
Plumbing installations by professionals are generally sound, but ongoing maintenance is crucial. Homeowners need to realize that sinks and drains aren't infinite voids. Disposing of inappropriate materials like baby wipes or bacon grease can lead to plumbing issues brewing for years, suddenly surfacing as household disasters. Eight Maids-a-Milking Moisture Concerns Moisture is the ultimate nemesis of homes, fostering rot, mould, and significant damage. The following proactive measures are key:
Stay tuned next week when we conclude this Christmas theme blog and look at four more inspection items. |
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